Pre-Modern Transport

Working Animals - Before 10,000 BC dogs were used to hunt game. Sheep were caught, domesticated and cared for to produce wool and meat.  Oxen and horses were used to pull wagons loaded with goods, operate grain mills and plow fields. Horses were used as transport for armies and civilians alike.

http://extension.missouri.edu/adair/documents/Livestock/History%20of%20the%20Animal%20Science%20Industry.pdf

Boats were used to ship goods and transport people in 10,000 BC. Logs were transported by rivers. Heavy rocks were transported by boats and moved along wooden tracks on land and raised with wood cranes and pulleys. Windmills and water wheels operated grain mills. The invention of the steam engine in 1698 would change all that over the next 100 years of development.

Norb Leahy, Dunwoody GA Tea Party Leader