H-1B visas are for people in a specified professional or academic field or with special expertise who have a college degree or higher or the equivalent in work experience. These visas have a residency cap of three years.
Eligibility:
A job offer from a U.S. employer for a role that requires
specialty knowledge
Proof of a bachelor’s degree or equivalent in that field
Your employer must show that there is a lack of qualified U.S. applicants for the role
H-2A and H-2B visas are for seasonal, or peak load, temporary workers in an agriculture (H-2A) or non-agricultural (H-2B) setting. Generally, these do not extend beyond a year.
Those
with the right job skills — and their spouses and children — can apply for the
roughly 140,000 employment-based green cards available each year. Permanent
residence in the U.S. can be obtained through the right combination of
education, expertise, eligibility, and skill set. Most of these visas call for
an existing offer of employment from an employer who has the proper U.S.
Department of Labor certification, verifying that there are both insufficient
workers with this skillset within the United States, and the hiring does not
take a job away from a U.S. citizen. Called “labor certification,” this is done
through ETA Form 9089 (“Application for
Permanent Employment Certification”).
https://www.boundless.com/immigration-resources/business/types-of-us-work-visas/
H-1B
Electronic Registration Process
Cap
Fiscal Year Total
Registrations Selections
2021 274,237 124,415
2022 308,613 131,924
2023 483,927 127,600
2024 780,884 188,400
Comments
I used the H1b Visa system to recruit my first engineer. He was from India and completed his BSEE in the US. I have worked with US companies to recruit engineers who required the H1b process. In the 1990s, Firearms Training Systems hired Chinese Software Engineers on campus. They were hand picked to complete their BSEE to become part of China’s space program. The program stalled and many of them got permission to get their MSEE in the US. We hired them and they were successful in advancing the FATS simulator. They became US citizens and still work at FATS.
I have noticed the use of H1b visas to recruit nurses. One nurse from Ethiopia came over with her husband who was a Software Developer.
I used the H2b system to recruit a trained Mexican stone grinder maintenance tech. In both cases, the company sponsored the employee and paid all legal fees.
I believe the H2a temporary agricultural worker process is workable. The H-2A program expanded in FY23. DOL certified 13,500 applications to fill 212,000 jobs with H-2A workers in the first two quarters of FY23, up from 12,000 applications to fill 193,000 jobs with H-2A workers in the first half of FY22, up 10 percent. Aug 25, 2023. Google Search
Overall employment of agricultural workers is projected to decline 2 percent from 2022 to 2032. Despite declining employment, about 115,700 openings for agricultural workers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Google Search
H2A workers receive $15
per hour to $20 per hour based on State rates.
https://flag.dol.gov/wage-data/adverse-effect-wage-rates
Housing: Employers must provide housing at no cost to H-2A workers and to workers in corresponding employment who are not reasonably able to return to their residence within the same day.
The cost to the farmer to hire H2A workers is $100 plus $10 per worker.
H2B Visas use to be for Technicians and now it’s for Non-Agricultural Workers. But the requirement that employers cannot find qualified US citizens has caused these to decline.
Norb Leahy, Dunwoody GA Tea Party Leader
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