The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
of Austria, presumptive heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo Serbia when
they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo
Princip, a Serbian radical. Austria-Hungary was furious and, with Germany’s support,
declared war on Serbia on July 28. Within days, Germany
declared war on Russia—Serbia’s ally—and invaded France via Belgium, which then
caused Britain to declare war on Germany.
The Industrial Revolution
created great economic opportunity and raw materials were needed. The European
countries had gained territory and raw materials through wars of expansion.
They were now about to go back to war with each other.
Entangled alliances created two competing groups - In 1879, Germany and
Austria-Hungary allied against Russia. In 1882, Italy joined their alliance
(The Triple Alliance).
Russia
responded in 1894 by allying with France. Great Britain had a mutual defense
treaty with France. Serbia had a treaty with France
After
Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia, Germany took their side. France and Great Britain declared war on
Austria-Hungary and Germany. Russia joined in against Germany.
The
US entered World War II in 1917, 3 years after the war began. Germany had
torpedoed the Lusitania that carried 100 US citizens. At that point Britain and
France were losing the war, so the US entered it to save their allies. The US
and the allies won in 1918.
King George V of Great
Britain, Czar Nicholas of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany were Queen
Victoria’s grandchildren. Victoria had nine children and 42
grandchildren. Eventually, seven of them sat on European thrones in Russia,
Greece, Romania, Britain, Germany, Spain and Norway—and all would take sides
during World War I with disastrous consequences. By the war’s end, the monarchies of Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Germany and
Russia had fallen.
World War I was a
costly mistake caused by Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria-Hungary. He used
the assassination of his heir to launch an invasion of Serbia. It would have
been better to just arrest and execute the assassin for murder. But Franz
Joseph I wanted to invade Serbia.
World War I destroyed
Europe and Russia. World War I killed more people (9 million
combatants and 5 million civilians) and cost more money ($186 billion in direct
costs and another $151 billion in
indirect costs) than any previous war in history.
It caused the end of British colonial
expansion, the Communist take-over of Russia and set up Germany for World War
II. The Great Depression started in Europe in 1918. The cost of World War I
ruined the European and Russian economies.
Norb Leahy, Dunwoody
GA Tea Party Leader
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