Demanding
bi-partisanship in the US is a scam. We have had divided government since Hamilton and Jefferson squared off
in 1792 and later whenever existential issues arose. See below from Wikipedia:
First Party System: 1792–1824
The First Party System
of the United States featured the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican
Party (also called
"Democratic-Republican" or "Jeffersonian Republican").
The Federalist Party grew
from the national network of Washington's Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, who favored a strong united central government, close ties to
Britain, a centralized banking system, and close links between the government
and men of wealth.
The
Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Madison and Thomas Jefferson, who
strongly opposed Hamilton's agenda.[9] The Jeffersonians came to power in 1800 and
the Federalists were too elitist to compete effectively. They survived in the
Northeast, but their refusal to support the War
of 1812 verged on
secession and was a devastating blow when the war ended well. The Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe (1816–1824) marked the end of
the First Party System and a brief period in which partisanship was minimal.
Second Party System: 1828–1854
The Second Party
System operated from about 1828 to 1854, following the splintering of the
Democratic-Republican Party. Two major parties dominated the political
landscape: the Whig Party, led by Henry
Clay, that grew from
the National Republican
Party, and the Democratic Party, led by Andrew
Jackson.
The Democrats
supported the primacy of the Presidency over the other branches of government,
and opposed both the Bank of the United
States as well as
modernizing programs that they felt would build up industry at the expense of the taxpayer.
The Whigs, on the
other hand, advocated the primacy of Congress over the executive branch as well as policies of modernization and economic
protectionism. Central political battles of this era were the Bank
War and the Spoils
system of federal
patronage.
The 1850s saw the
collapse of the Whig party, largely as a result of decline in its leadership
and a major intra-party split over slavery as a result of the Compromise of 1850. In addition, the fading of old economic issues removed many of
the unifying forces holding the party together.
Third Party System: 1854–1890s
The Third Party System
stretched from 1854 to the mid-1890s, and was characterized by the emergence of
the anti-slavery Republican Party (nicknamed "GOP"), which
adopted many of the economic policies of the Whigs, such as national banks,
railroads, high tariffs, homesteads and aid to land grant colleges.
Civil war and Reconstruction issues polarized the parties until
the Compromise of 1877, which ended the latter. Thus, both parties became broad-based
voting coalitions. The race issue pulled newly enfranchised African Americans (Freedmen) into the Republican Party while white
southerners (Redeemers) joined the Democratic Party. The Democratic coalition also had
conservative pro-business Bourbon
Democrats, traditional Democrats
in the North (many of them former Copperheads), and Catholic immigrants, among others.
The Republican
coalition also consisted of businessmen, shop owners, skilled craftsmen,
clerks, and professionals who were attracted to the party's modernization
policies.
The Fourth Party
System, 1896 to 1932, consisted of the same interest groups as the Third Party
System, but saw major shifts in the central issues of debate. This period also
corresponded to the Progressive
Era, and was dominated by
the Republican Party. It began after the Republicans blamed the Democrats for
the Panic of 1893, which later resulted in William
McKinley's victory over William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential
election.
The central domestic
issues changed to government regulation of railroads and large corporations
("trusts"),
the protective tariff, the role of labor unions, child labor, the need for a
new banking system, corruption in party politics, primary elections, direct
election of senators, racial segregation, efficiency in government, women's
suffrage, and control of immigration. Most voting blocs continued unchanged, but
some realignment took place, giving Republicans dominance in the industrial
Northeast and new strength in the border-states. Historians have long debated
why no Labor Party emerged in the United States, in contrast to Western Europe.
Fifth and Sixth Party Systems:
1933–present
The Fifth Party System
emerged with the New Deal Coalition beginning in 1933. The Republicans began losing support
after the Great Depression, giving rise to Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the activist New
Deal. They promoted American Liberalism, anchored in a coalition of specific liberal
groups, especially ethno-religious constituencies (Catholics, Jews, African Americans),
white Southerners, well-organized labor unions, urban machines, progressive
intellectuals, and populist farm groups.
Opposition Republicans
were split between a conservative wing, led by Ohio Senator Robert
A. Taft, and a more
successful moderate wing exemplified by the politics of Northeastern leaders
such as Nelson Rockefeller, Jacob
Javits, and Henry Cabot Lodge. The latter steadily lost influence inside the GOP after 1964.
Experts debate whether
this era ended (and a Sixth Party System subsequently emerged) in the mid-1960s when the New Deal
coalition died, the early 1980s when the Moral
Majority and the Reagan
coalition were formed, the
early 1990s when Third Way emerged among Democrats, the mid-1990s during the Republican Revolution, or if the Fifth system continues in some form to the present.
Since the 1930s, the
Democrats positioned themselves more towards Liberalism while the Conservatives increasingly dominated the GOP But
new voter coalitions emerged during the latter half of the 20th Century, with
Conservatives and the Republicans becoming dominant in the South, rural areas,
and suburbs; while Liberals and the Democrats increasingly started to rely on a
coalition of African-Americans, Hispanics and white urban Progressives.
Comments
What this
article failed to mention is the influence Karl Marx made on the American Elite
with the publication of the “Communist Manifesto” in 1847.
Every
change in the US that created big government and diminished private ownership
has been influenced by Karl Marx. By
1920, the American Communist Party, established in 1919 had published its 45
goals. Congress has been following these
goals ever since 1872 when they began to pass unconstitutional laws and failed
to offer Amendments for ratification by the States. All of these goals have
been achieved through the passage of Democrat-sponsored Bills.
Norb
Leahy, Dunwoody GA Tea Party Leader.
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