Sunday, September 14, 2025

Nonoccupational Degrees Reduced 9-14-25

Indiana, Ohio, and Utah are among the states reducing non-occupational degree programs in 2025 through legislation targeting degrees with low enrollment. Texas has also focused on low-enrollment minors and certificates.  

States reducing low-demand degree programs

·       Indiana: The state budget passed in 2025 sets minimum graduate thresholds for degree programs at public universities. As a result, Indiana public colleges are cutting or consolidating over 400 programs, including those in liberal arts and other non-vocational areas.

·       Ohio: A new law requires public universities to eliminate undergraduate programs that produce fewer than five graduates a year over a three-year period.

·       Utah: Lawmakers have pushed colleges to cut degree programs that are in low demand.

·       Texas: A 2025 law aims to give university governing boards more power to eliminate degree programs based on an economic "return-on-investment" for students. 

States targeting specific curricula

Some states are not just limiting low-enrollment programs but are also curtailing academic offerings related to certain topics, which can affect non-occupational areas of study. 

·       West Virginia and Wyoming: Have enacted legislation in 2025 that bars public colleges from requiring instruction on certain concepts related to race, gender, and sexuality.

·       Texas: Senate Bill 17, passed in 2023, bans Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) offices and programs, which impacts courses in some social sciences and humanities.

·       Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, and Wyoming: Have passed laws limiting DEI initiatives in public universities during 2025. 

The rationale and pushback

The push to cut these programs is often presented as a way to boost the workforce and ensure a return on investment for students and taxpayers. 

However, these actions have drawn criticism from faculty and academic groups who argue that:

·       Enrollment figures alone do not determine a program's value.

·       The measures represent political overreach into academic decision-making.

·       They lead to a "reduced version of what a degree should be," especially for public university students. 

In 2025, several states are reducing non-occupational degree programs, primarily by eliminating academic offerings with low enrollment numbers. Critics fear these measures will harm liberal arts education and diminish the quality of public higher education. 

States reducing low-enrollment programs

States that have implemented or considered legislation to eliminate degree programs with low graduation numbers include:

·       Indiana: In mid-2025, Indiana public universities cut or consolidated over 400 degree programs to comply with a new state law. The law targets programs that do not meet minimum graduate thresholds over a three-year period. Programs in fields such as foreign languages, social sciences, and some engineering and education disciplines have been affected.

·       Ohio: Lawmakers passed legislation in 2025 requiring public universities to eliminate undergraduate degree programs with fewer than five graduates a year over a three-year period.

·       Texas: Texas passed a law targeting academic minors and certificate programs with low enrollments. A 2023 law, Senate Bill 17, also banned Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives, which can indirectly affect related academic programs.

·       Utah: Lawmakers pushed colleges and universities to cut degrees that graduate few students, similar to the measures in Indiana and Ohio. 

Wider context

These legislative efforts are part of a broader national trend in 2024 and 2025 that links higher education programs to workforce development needs and targets areas perceived as politically liberal. Additional measures in other states include: 

·       Florida: In 2023, Florida passed laws restricting DEI initiatives and prohibiting state and federal funds from being used for certain programs related to DEI or social activism.

·       Multiple states with DEI restrictions: Over a dozen states have passed legislation limiting or banning diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in higher education since 2023, which affects related programs of study. These states include Alabama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, and Wyoming, among others. 

https://www.google.com/search?q=what+states+are+reducing+nonoccupational+degree+programs+2025

Multiple states, including Indiana, Ohio, and Utah, have passed laws or taken other actions to pressure public universities into eliminating degree programs with low enrollment, which often correlate with lower-paying jobs. In addition to targeting specific programs, a broader trend in many states is reducing or removing degree requirements for public sector jobs in favor of skills-based hiring.

States cutting specific low-enrollment programs

These states have implemented legislation to compel universities to cut programs that have few graduates, a policy that often affects humanities and other fields that may not lead directly to high-wage occupations.

  • Indiana: In 2025, public universities announced they would voluntarily cut or merge over 400 degree programs after the state passed a law establishing a minimum number of graduates for academic programs.
  • Ohio: Lawmakers passed laws in 2025 that push universities to cut programs with low student enrollment.
  • Texas: A 2025 law targets academic minors and certificate programs with low enrollment.
  • Utah: In response to a new state law, the University of Utah approved plans to discontinue 81 courses and degree programs. The law requires colleges to cut funding for certain academic offerings and invest in high-demand fields.
  • Georgia: As far back as 2022, Georgia cut more than 200 low-enrollment degree programs. 

States removing degree requirements for jobs

This broader trend focuses on skills and experience rather than academic credentials for public sector employment. This move is intended to reduce "degree inflation" and expand the talent pool. 

  • California: The state has removed degree requirements for thousands of state government jobs and is rolling out "Career Passports" to showcase a candidate's skills and abilities.
  • Florida: A 2023 law allows work experience to be substituted for degree requirements for public employers.
  • Maryland: In 2022, Maryland pioneered this approach by removing degree requirements for thousands of state jobs.
  • Minnesota: The state eliminated degree requirements for many state jobs in 2023 to emphasize skills and experience.
  • Numerous other states: According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, many other states—including Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, and New Jersey—have taken executive or legislative action to reduce or eliminate unnecessary degree requirements for public jobs. 

Recent reports indicate that states such as Indiana, Ohio, and Utah are implementing policies that pressure public universities to reduce or eliminate degree programs with low enrollment, particularly in the humanities and liberal arts. These actions are part of a broader trend focusing on "workforce development" by favoring programs that lead to higher-paying jobs. 

States cutting lower-wage degree programs

  • Indiana: In 2025, lawmakers passed legislation pressuring colleges to eliminate degrees with few graduates. In 2024, the state also began aligning high school programs with in-demand industries.
  • Ohio: Lawmakers passed similar legislation in 2025 to compel public universities to cut degrees with low enrollment. In 2023, Miami University was reassessing 18 undergraduate majors, most in the humanities, with fewer than 35 students.
  • Utah: In 2025, the University of Utah's trustee board approved cutting 81 courses and degree programs in response to a new state law. The law orders public colleges to invest in high-demand fields and cut programs with low enrollment.
  • Texas: A 2025 law targets academic minors and certificate programs with low enrollment. Additionally, Governor Greg Abbott declared career training a legislative emergency in 2025, pledging to expand training programs to meet workforce demands.
  • West Virginia: Citing financial concerns, West Virginia University eliminated 28 academic programs in 2023, including several in languages and the arts.
  • Missouri: In late 2023, Missouri Western State University eliminated dozens of majors and minors, including history, philosophy, and economics.
  • Other states: Several other states, such as Wisconsin and Kentucky, have also seen public universities cut liberal arts and humanities programs in recent years due to budget shortfalls and enrollment declines. 

Related actions favoring career-focused education

Some states are not directly eliminating degree programs but are advancing policies that favor skills-based training and weaken the emphasis on four-year degrees.

  • Skills-based hiring: At least 22 states have taken executive or legislative action to eliminate unnecessary four-year degree requirements for public sector jobs. This includes states like Maryland, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
  • Career and Technical Education (CTE): Many states are prioritizing workforce development by expanding CTE. Examples include:
    • Alabama: Lawmakers are aligning K-12 career pathways with in-demand industries.
    • South Carolina: An apprenticeship model for students connects a high school diploma with college and certification.
    • Louisiana: A 2022 law requires the state workforce commission to share high school graduate employment data to show what kinds of career training are most effective. 

https://www.google.com/search?q=what+states+are+reducing+nonoccupational+degree+programs+that+result+in+lower+wages

Comments

When I graduated from St. Louis University in 1965, there were no Nonoccupational Degree Programs offered. Only 10% of the US population had BS degrees and all of them were occupational degrees. My tuition was $1000 per year. My classes were held in well-maintained 100-year old buildings. I was an Inner-Directed student and used my own judgment to determine the validity and usefulness of the information I heard as a student. I aimed for Long-Term memory retention and a personal World-View. I worked to develop good judgment.

Norb Leahy, Dunwoody GA Tea Party Leader

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