Aristotle
384-322 BC observed gravity and the direction of fire, but his conclusions were
not grounded in measurement and experimentation. He was correct that continued observations
would reveal natural laws. His students proposed that all matter was made from
atoms.
Aristarchus
310 – c.230 BCE) believed
that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Archimedes
287-212 BC used mathematics to determine how to make pulleys and levers that
were used to build labor-saving devices and established criteria for buoyancy,
advanced geometry and trigonometry.
Hipparchus
190-120 BC, focusing on astronomy
and mathematics, used sophisticated geometrical techniques to map the motion of
the stars and planets, even predicting the times that Solar eclipses would happen. In addition, he added calculations of the
distance of the Sun and Moon from the Earth, based upon his improvements to the
observational instruments used at that time.
Ptolemy 90-168 AD believed that the Sun
revolves around the Earth.
From 168
AD to the 1400s, some work was done to improve ships, buildings and other
structures and devices and improve other processes sponsored by monarchies. The
invention of the printing press and the discovery of America in the 1400s
rekindled opportunity.
Norb
Leahy, Dunwoody GA Tea Party Leader
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