South Sudan is a war-torn country
fighting over oil. In 2014 GDP was $21.4 billion, per capita GDP was $1978,
Poverty and Inflation at 50%, Exporting crude oil, Population 12.9 million,
land area 239,285 square miles, 2.5 million killed, 1 million refugees. South
Sudan is 61% Christian, 33% tribal and 6% Muslim. South Sudan profile – Timeline –
63 years of war fueled by oil, communists, unstable governments and ethnic
factions.
A chronology of key events, 6/1/18
1899-1955 - South Sudan is part of Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan, under joint British-Egyptian rule.
1956 - Sudan gains
independence.
1962 - Civil war led by
the southern separatist Anya Nya movement begins with north.
1969 - Group of socialist
and communist Sudanese military officers led by Col Jaafar Muhammad Numeiri
seizes power; Col Numeiri outlines policy of autonomy for south.
1972 - Government
concedes a measure of autonomy for southern Sudan in a peace agreement signed
in Addis Ababa.
1978 - Oil discovered in
Unity State in southern Sudan.
1983 - Fighting breaks
out again between north and south Sudan, under leadership of John Garang's
Sudanese People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), after Sudanese President Jaafar
Numeiri abolishes South Sudan's autonomy.
1988 - Democratic Unionist
Party - part of Sudan's ruling coalition government - drafts cease-fire
agreement with the SPLM, but it is not implemented.
1989 - Military seizes
power in Sudan.
The second Sudanese civil war lasted from 1983-2005
2001 - Sudanese Islamist
leader Hassan Al-Turabi's party, the Popular National Congress, signs
memorandum of understanding with the southern rebel SPLM's armed wing, the
Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). Mr Al-Turabi is arrested the next day.
2002 - Talks in Kenya
lead to a breakthrough agreement between southern rebels and Sudanese
government on ending the civil war. The Machakos Protocol provides for the
south to seek self-determination after six years.
2005 January - North/South
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) ends civil war; deal provides for a
permanent ceasefire, autonomy for the south, a power-sharing government
involving rebels in Khartoum and a south Sudanese referendum on independence in
six years' time.
2005 July - Former southern
rebel leader John Garang is sworn in as first vice-president. A new Sudanese
constitution which gives the south a large degree of autonomy is signed.
2005 August - South Sudanese
leader John Garang is killed in a plane crash. He is succeeded by Salva Kiir
Mayardiit.
2005 October - Autonomous government
is formed in South Sudan, in line with the January 2005 peace deal. The
administration is dominated by former rebels.
2006 November - Hundreds die in
fighting centred on the southern town of Malakal - the heaviest between
northern Sudanese forces and former rebels since the 2005 peace deal.
2008 March - Tensions rise over
clashes between an Arab militia and SPLM in the disputed oil-rich Abyei area on
the north-south divide - a key sticking point in the 2005 peace accord. Independence
was backed by 99% of South Sudanese in the 2011 referendum
2009 July - North and south
Sudan say they accept ruling by arbitration court in The Hague shrinking
disputed Abyei region and placing the major Heglig oil field in the north.
2009 December - Leaders of
North and South reach deal on terms of referendum on independence due in South
by 2011.
Numerous rebellions arose
in the run-up to South Sudan's independence
2011 January - The people of
South Sudan vote in favor of full independence from Sudan.
2011 February - Clashes between
the security forces and rebels in southern Sudan's Jonglei state leave more
than 100 dead.
2011 May - North occupies
disputed border region of Abyei.
2011 June - Governments of
north and south sign accord to demilitarize the disputed Abyei region and let
in an Ethiopian peacekeeping force.
2011 9 July -
Independence day.
2011 August - UN says at least
600 people are killed in ethnic clashes in Jonglei state.
2012 January - South Sudan
declares a disaster in Jonglei State after some 100,000 flee clashes between
rival ethnic groups.
2012 April - After weeks
of border fighting, South Sudan troops temporarily occupy the oil field and
border town of Heglig before being repulsed. Sudanese warplanes raid the Bentiu
area in South Sudan.
2012 August - Some 200,000
refugees flee into South Sudan to escape fighting between Sudanese army and
rebels in Sudan's southern border states.
2012 September - The presidents
of Sudan and South Sudan agree trade, oil and security deals after days of talks in Ethiopia.
2013 March - Sudan and South
Sudan agree to resume pumping oil after a bitter dispute over fees that saw
production shut down more than a year earlier. They also agreed to withdraw
troops from their border area to create a demilitarized zone.
2013 June - President Kiir
dismisses Finance Minister Kosti Manibe and Cabinet Affairs Minister Deng Alor
over a multi-million dollar financial scandal, and lifts their immunity from prosecution.
2013 July - President Kiir
dismisses entire cabinet and Vice-President Riek Machar in a power struggle
within the governing Sudan People's Liberation Movement.
2013 December - Civil war
erupts as President Salva Kiir accuses his former vice-president, Riek Machar,
of plotting to overthrow him.
Rebel factions seize
control of several regional towns, thousands are killed and many more flee.
Uganda troops intervene on the government's side.
2014 January - A ceasefire is
signed but broken several times over subsequent weeks, and further talks in
February fail to end the violence that displaces more than a million people by
April.
2014 April - UN says pro-Machar
forces sack the oil town of Bentiu, killing hundreds of civilians.
2014 August - Peace talks begin
in Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa and drag on for months as fighting continues.
2016 April - Riek Machar
finally returns to Juba and is sworn in as first vice-president in a new unity
government - but is sacked in July after further conflict and goes back into
exile.
2016 November - UN sacks Kenyan
commander of its peacekeeping mission over the failure to protect civilians in
Juba during July violence. Kenya withdraws its troops from the peacekeeping
mission.
Japanese peacekeepers
arrive South Sudan, the first time in nearly 70 years that Japan has deployed
its soldiers overseas with a broad mandate to use force if necessary.
2016 December - A UN commission
on human rights says a process of ethnic cleansing is underway in several parts of the country, a claim that
President Salva Kiir denies.
2017 February - A famine is
declared in parts of South Sudan in what the UN describes as a man-made
catastrophe caused by civil war and economic collapse.
2017 May - President Kiir
declares unilateral ceasefire, launches national dialogue.
2017 August - The number of
refugees fleeing violence in South Sudan to Uganda passes the one million mark,
according to the UN.
A Church is mobilized
to stabilize South Sudan
Norb Leahy, Dunwoody
GA Tea Party Leader
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